Post Processing

Dataset statistics

Number of variables	16
Number of observations	4238
Missing cells	0
Missing cells (%)	0.0%
Duplicate rows	0
Duplicate rows (%)	0.0%
Total size in memory	414.0 KiB
Average record size in memory	100.0 B

Variable types

Boolean	4
Numeric	8
Categorical	4

Alerts

`currentSmoker` is highly correlated with `cigsPerDay`	High correlation
`cigsPerDay` is highly correlated with `currentSmoker`	High correlation
`prevalentHyp` is highly correlated with `sysBP` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`sysBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diaBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`currentSmoker` is highly correlated with `cigsPerDay`	High correlation
`cigsPerDay` is highly correlated with `currentSmoker`	High correlation
`prevalentHyp` is highly correlated with `sysBP` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diabetes` is highly correlated with `glucose`	High correlation
`sysBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diaBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`glucose` is highly correlated with `diabetes`	High correlation
`currentSmoker` is highly correlated with `cigsPerDay`	High correlation
`cigsPerDay` is highly correlated with `currentSmoker`	High correlation
`prevalentHyp` is highly correlated with `sysBP` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`sysBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diaBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`currentSmoker` is highly correlated with `cigsPerDay`	High correlation
`cigsPerDay` is highly correlated with `currentSmoker`	High correlation
`prevalentHyp` is highly correlated with `sysBP` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diabetes` is highly correlated with `glucose`	High correlation
`sysBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`diaBP` is highly correlated with `prevalentHyp` and 1 other fields	High correlation
`glucose` is highly correlated with `diabetes`	High correlation
`cigsPerDay` has 2144 (50.6%) zeros	Zeros

Reproduction

Analysis started	2021-11-09 02:19:40.713875
Analysis finished	2021-11-09 02:20:07.092833
Duration	26.38 seconds
Software version	pandas-profiling v3.1.0
Download configuration	config.json

male
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.3 KiB

False	2419
True	1819

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	2419	57.1%
True	1819	42.9%

age
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	39
Distinct (%)	0.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	49.58494573

Minimum	32
Maximum	70
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	32
5-th percentile	37
Q1	42
median	49
Q3	56
95-th percentile	64
Maximum	70
Range	38
Interquartile range (IQR)	14

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	8.572159925
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1728782758
Kurtosis	-0.9896358464
Mean	49.58494573
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	0.2281457773
Sum	210141
Variance	73.48192578
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=39)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
40	191	4.5%
46	182	4.3%
42	180	4.2%
41	174	4.1%
48	173	4.1%
39	169	4.0%
44	166	3.9%
45	162	3.8%
43	159	3.8%
52	149	3.5%
Other values (29)	2533	59.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
32	1	< 0.1%
33	5	0.1%
34	18	0.4%
35	42	1.0%
36	84	2.0%
37	92	2.2%
38	144	3.4%
39	169	4.0%
40	191	4.5%
41	174	4.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
70	2	< 0.1%
69	7	0.2%
68	18	0.4%
67	45	1.1%
66	38	0.9%
65	57	1.3%
64	93	2.2%
63	110	2.6%
62	99	2.3%
61	110	2.6%

education
Categorical

Distinct	5
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	250.0 KiB

1.0	1720
2.0	1253
3.0	687
4.0	473
1.9789499153157513	105

Length

Max length	18
Median length	3
Mean length	3.371637565
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	4.0
2nd row	2.0
3rd row	1.0
4th row	3.0
5th row	3.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	1720	40.6%
2.0	1253	29.6%
3.0	687	16.2%
4.0	473	11.2%
1.9789499153157513	105	2.5%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
1.0	1720	40.6%
2.0	1253	29.6%
3.0	687	16.2%
4.0	473	11.2%
1.9789499153157513	105	2.5%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

currentSmoker
Boolean

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.3 KiB

False	2144
True	2094

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	2144	50.6%
True	2094	49.4%

cigsPerDay
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
ZEROS

Distinct	34
Distinct (%)	0.8%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	9.00308862

Minimum	0
Maximum	70
Zeros	2144
Zeros (%)	50.6%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	0
5-th percentile	0
Q1	0
median	0
Q3	20
95-th percentile	30
Maximum	70
Range	70
Interquartile range (IQR)	20

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.87923021
Coefficient of variation (CV)	1.319461655
Kurtosis	1.051073151
Mean	9.00308862
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	0
Skewness	1.252198516
Sum	38155.08957
Variance	141.1161104
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=34)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2144	50.6%
20	734	17.3%
30	217	5.1%
15	210	5.0%
10	143	3.4%
9	130	3.1%
5	121	2.9%
3	100	2.4%
40	80	1.9%
1	67	1.6%
Other values (24)	292	6.9%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	2144	50.6%
1	67	1.6%
2	18	0.4%
3	100	2.4%
4	9	0.2%
5	121	2.9%
6	18	0.4%
7	12	0.3%
8	11	0.3%
9	130	3.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
70	1	< 0.1%
60	11	0.3%
50	6	0.1%
45	3	0.1%
43	56	1.3%
40	80	1.9%
38	1	< 0.1%
35	22	0.5%
30	217	5.1%
29	1	< 0.1%

BPMeds
Categorical

Distinct	3
Distinct (%)	0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	249.3 KiB

0.0	4061
1.0	124
0.02962962962962963	53

Length

Max length	19
Median length	3
Mean length	3.200094384
Min length	3

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0.0
2nd row	0.0
3rd row	0.0
4th row	0.0
5th row	0.0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4061	95.8%
1.0	124	2.9%
0.02962962962962963	53	1.3%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0.0	4061	95.8%
1.0	124	2.9%
0.02962962962962963	53	1.3%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

prevalentStroke
Categorical

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	240.2 KiB

0	4213
1	25

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4213	99.4%
1	25	0.6%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4213	99.4%
1	25	0.6%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

prevalentHyp
Boolean

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.3 KiB

False	2922
True	1316

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	2922	68.9%
True	1316	31.1%

diabetes
Categorical

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	240.2 KiB

0	4129
1	109

Length

Max length	1
Median length	1
Mean length	1
Min length	1

Characters and Unicode

Total characters	0
Distinct characters	0
Distinct categories	0 ?
Distinct scripts	0 ?
Distinct blocks	0 ?

The Unicode Standard assigns character properties to each code point, which can be used to analyse textual variables.

Unique

Unique	0 ?
Unique (%)	0.0%

Sample

1st row	0
2nd row	0
3rd row	0
4th row	0
5th row	0

Common Values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4129	97.4%
1	109	2.6%

Length

Histogram of lengths of the category

Pie chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
0	4129	97.4%
1	109	2.6%

Most occurring characters

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most occurring categories

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
No values found.

Most frequent character per block

totChol
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	249
Distinct (%)	5.9%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	236.7215855

Minimum	107
Maximum	696
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	107
5-th percentile	170
Q1	206
median	234
Q3	262
95-th percentile	312
Maximum	696
Range	589
Interquartile range (IQR)	56

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	44.32645264
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1872514184
Kurtosis	4.216674211
Mean	236.7215855
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	28
Skewness	0.8766047676
Sum	1003226.079
Variance	1964.834404
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
240	85	2.0%
220	70	1.7%
260	62	1.5%
210	61	1.4%
232	59	1.4%
250	57	1.3%
200	56	1.3%
225	54	1.3%
230	54	1.3%
205	53	1.3%
Other values (239)	3627	85.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
107	1	< 0.1%
113	1	< 0.1%
119	1	< 0.1%
124	1	< 0.1%
126	1	< 0.1%
129	1	< 0.1%
133	1	< 0.1%
135	2	< 0.1%
137	1	< 0.1%
140	2	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
696	1	< 0.1%
600	1	< 0.1%
464	1	< 0.1%
453	1	< 0.1%
439	1	< 0.1%
432	1	< 0.1%
410	3	0.1%
405	1	< 0.1%
398	1	< 0.1%
392	1	< 0.1%

sysBP
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	234
Distinct (%)	5.5%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	132.3524068

Minimum	83.5
Maximum	295
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	83.5
5-th percentile	104
Q1	117
median	128
Q3	144
95-th percentile	175
Maximum	295
Range	211.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	27

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	22.03809664
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1665107358
Kurtosis	2.155019383
Mean	132.3524068
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	13
Skewness	1.145362136
Sum	560909.5
Variance	485.6777037
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
120	107	2.5%
130	102	2.4%
110	96	2.3%
115	89	2.1%
125	88	2.1%
124	84	2.0%
122	80	1.9%
126	73	1.7%
128	73	1.7%
123	72	1.7%
Other values (224)	3374	79.6%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
83.5	2	< 0.1%
85	1	< 0.1%
85.5	1	< 0.1%
90	2	< 0.1%
92	1	< 0.1%
92.5	2	< 0.1%
93	2	< 0.1%
93.5	2	< 0.1%
94	3	0.1%
95	7	0.2%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
295	1	< 0.1%
248	1	< 0.1%
244	1	< 0.1%
243	1	< 0.1%
235	1	< 0.1%
232	1	< 0.1%
230	1	< 0.1%
220	2	< 0.1%
217	1	< 0.1%
215	3	0.1%

diaBP
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	146
Distinct (%)	3.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	82.8934639

Minimum	48
Maximum	142.5
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	48
5-th percentile	66
Q1	75
median	82
Q3	89.875
95-th percentile	104.575
Maximum	142.5
Range	94.5
Interquartile range (IQR)	14.875

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	11.9108496
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1436886461
Kurtosis	1.277099606
Mean	82.8934639
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7.5
Skewness	0.714102184
Sum	351302.5
Variance	141.8683382
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
80	262	6.2%
82	152	3.6%
85	137	3.2%
70	135	3.2%
81	131	3.1%
84	122	2.9%
90	119	2.8%
78	116	2.7%
87	113	2.7%
75	108	2.5%
Other values (136)	2843	67.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
48	1	< 0.1%
50	1	< 0.1%
51	1	< 0.1%
52	2	< 0.1%
53	1	< 0.1%
54	1	< 0.1%
55	3	0.1%
56	2	< 0.1%
57	6	0.1%
57.5	3	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
142.5	1	< 0.1%
140	1	< 0.1%
136	2	< 0.1%
135	2	< 0.1%
133	2	< 0.1%
132	1	< 0.1%
130	5	0.1%
129	1	< 0.1%
128	1	< 0.1%
127.5	1	< 0.1%

BMI
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	1364
Distinct (%)	32.2%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	25.80200758

Minimum	15.54
Maximum	56.8
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	15.54
5-th percentile	20.06
Q1	23.08
median	25.41
Q3	28.0375
95-th percentile	32.7715
Maximum	56.8
Range	41.26
Interquartile range (IQR)	4.9575

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	4.070952552
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.1577765815
Kurtosis	2.682302864
Mean	25.80200758
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	2.49
Skewness	0.9841813826
Sum	109348.9081
Variance	16.57265468
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
25.80200758	19	0.4%
22.91	18	0.4%
22.54	18	0.4%
23.48	18	0.4%
22.19	18	0.4%
23.09	16	0.4%
25.09	16	0.4%
23.1	13	0.3%
22.73	13	0.3%
25.23	13	0.3%
Other values (1354)	4076	96.2%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
15.54	1	< 0.1%
15.96	1	< 0.1%
16.48	1	< 0.1%
16.59	2	< 0.1%
16.61	1	< 0.1%
16.69	1	< 0.1%
16.71	1	< 0.1%
16.73	1	< 0.1%
16.75	1	< 0.1%
16.87	1	< 0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
56.8	1	< 0.1%
51.28	1	< 0.1%
45.8	1	< 0.1%
45.79	1	< 0.1%
44.71	1	< 0.1%
44.55	1	< 0.1%
44.27	1	< 0.1%
44.09	1	< 0.1%
43.69	1	< 0.1%
43.67	1	< 0.1%

heartRate
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

Distinct	74
Distinct (%)	1.7%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	75.87892377

Minimum	44
Maximum	143
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	44
5-th percentile	60
Q1	68
median	75
Q3	83
95-th percentile	98
Maximum	143
Range	99
Interquartile range (IQR)	15

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	12.02517703
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.158478487
Kurtosis	0.9084053865
Mean	75.87892377
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	0.6445577292
Sum	321574.8789
Variance	144.6048827
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
75	563	13.3%
80	385	9.1%
70	305	7.2%
60	231	5.5%
85	227	5.4%
72	222	5.2%
65	197	4.6%
90	172	4.1%
68	151	3.6%
100	98	2.3%
Other values (64)	1687	39.8%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
44	1	< 0.1%
45	2	< 0.1%
46	1	< 0.1%
47	1	< 0.1%
48	5	0.1%
50	22	0.5%
51	1	< 0.1%
52	17	0.4%
53	11	0.3%
54	12	0.3%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
143	1	< 0.1%
140	1	< 0.1%
130	1	< 0.1%
125	3	0.1%
122	2	< 0.1%
120	7	0.2%
115	5	0.1%
112	3	0.1%
110	36	0.8%
108	8	0.2%

glucose
Real number (ℝ_≥0)

HIGH CORRELATION
HIGH CORRELATION

Distinct	144
Distinct (%)	3.4%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Infinite	0
Infinite (%)	0.0%
Mean	81.96675325

Minimum	40
Maximum	394
Zeros	0
Zeros (%)	0.0%
Negative	0
Negative (%)	0.0%
Memory size	33.2 KiB

Quantile statistics

Minimum	40
5-th percentile	62
Q1	72
median	80
Q3	85
95-th percentile	107
Maximum	394
Range	354
Interquartile range (IQR)	13

Descriptive statistics

Standard deviation	22.83660313
Coefficient of variation (CV)	0.2786081213
Kurtosis	64.88213732
Mean	81.96675325
Median Absolute Deviation (MAD)	7
Skewness	6.518745919
Sum	347375.1003
Variance	521.5104424
Monotonicity	Not monotonic

Histogram with fixed size bins (bins=50)

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
81.96675325	388	9.2%
75	193	4.6%
77	167	3.9%
73	156	3.7%
80	152	3.6%
70	152	3.6%
83	151	3.6%
78	148	3.5%
74	141	3.3%
85	127	3.0%
Other values (134)	2463	58.1%

Minimum 5 values
Maximum 5 values

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
40	2	< 0.1%
43	1	< 0.1%
44	2	< 0.1%
45	4	0.1%
47	3	0.1%
48	1	< 0.1%
50	3	0.1%
52	2	< 0.1%
53	5	0.1%
54	5	0.1%

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
394	2	< 0.1%
386	1	< 0.1%
370	1	< 0.1%
368	1	< 0.1%
348	1	< 0.1%
332	1	< 0.1%
325	1	< 0.1%
320	1	< 0.1%
297	1	< 0.1%
294	1	< 0.1%

TenYearCHD
Boolean

Distinct	2
Distinct (%)	< 0.1%
Missing	0
Missing (%)	0.0%
Memory size	4.3 KiB

False	3594
True	644

Common Values
Chart

Value	Count	Frequency (%)
False	3594	84.8%
True	644	15.2%

Spearman's ρ

The Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (ρ) is a measure of monotonic correlation between two variables, and is therefore better in catching nonlinear monotonic correlations than Pearson's r. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative monotonic correlation, 0 indicating no monotonic correlation and 1 indicating total positive monotonic correlation.

To calculate ρ for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of the rank variables of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Pearson's r

The Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) is a measure of linear correlation between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative linear correlation, 0 indicating no linear correlation and 1 indicating total positive linear correlation. Furthermore, r is invariant under separate changes in location and scale of the two variables, implying that for a linear function the angle to the x-axis does not affect r.

To calculate r for two variables X and Y, one divides the covariance of X and Y by the product of their standard deviations.

Kendall's τ

Similarly to Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the Kendall rank correlation coefficient (τ) measures ordinal association between two variables. It's value lies between -1 and +1, -1 indicating total negative correlation, 0 indicating no correlation and 1 indicating total positive correlation.

To calculate τ for two variables X and Y, one determines the number of concordant and discordant pairs of observations. τ is given by the number of concordant pairs minus the discordant pairs divided by the total number of pairs.

Cramér's V (φc)

Cramér's V is an association measure for nominal random variables. The coefficient ranges from 0 to 1, with 0 indicating independence and 1 indicating perfect association. The empirical estimators used for Cramér's V have been proved to be biased, even for large samples. We use a bias-corrected measure that has been proposed by Bergsma in 2013 that can be found here.

Phik (φk)

Phik (φk) is a new and practical correlation coefficient that works consistently between categorical, ordinal and interval variables, captures non-linear dependency and reverts to the Pearson correlation coefficient in case of a bivariate normal input distribution. There is extensive documentation available here.

Count
Matrix

A simple visualization of nullity by column.

Nullity matrix is a data-dense display which lets you quickly visually pick out patterns in data completion.

First rows

	male	age	education	currentSmoker	cigsPerDay	prevalentHyp	totChol	sysBP	diaBP	BMI	heartRate	glucose	TenYearCHD
0	True	39	4.0	False	0.0	False	195.0	106.0	70.0	26.97	80.0	77.0	False
1	False	46	2.0	False	0.0	False	250.0	121.0	81.0	28.73	95.0	76.0	False
2	True	48	1.0	True	20.0	False	245.0	127.5	80.0	25.34	75.0	70.0	False
3	False	61	3.0	True	30.0	True	225.0	150.0	95.0	28.58	65.0	103.0	True
4	False	46	3.0	True	23.0	False	285.0	130.0	84.0	23.10	85.0	85.0	False
5	False	43	2.0	False	0.0	True	228.0	180.0	110.0	30.30	77.0	99.0	False
6	False	63	1.0	False	0.0	False	205.0	138.0	71.0	33.11	60.0	85.0	True
7	False	45	2.0	True	20.0	False	313.0	100.0	71.0	21.68	79.0	78.0	False
8	True	52	1.0	False	0.0	True	260.0	141.5	89.0	26.36	76.0	79.0	False
9	True	43	1.0	True	30.0	True	225.0	162.0	107.0	23.61	93.0	88.0	False

Last rows

	male	age	education	currentSmoker	cigsPerDay	BPMeds	prevalentHyp	diabetes	totChol	sysBP	diaBP	BMI	heartRate	glucose	TenYearCHD
4228	False	50	1.0	False	0.0	0.00000	True	1	260.0	190.0	130.0	43.67	85.0	260.000000	False
4229	False	51	3.0	True	20.0	0.00000	True	0	251.0	140.0	80.0	25.60	75.0	81.966753	False
4230	False	56	1.0	True	3.0	0.00000	True	0	268.0	170.0	102.0	22.89	57.0	81.966753	False
4231	True	58	3.0	False	0.0	0.00000	True	0	187.0	141.0	81.0	24.96	80.0	81.000000	False
4232	True	68	1.0	False	0.0	0.00000	True	0	176.0	168.0	97.0	23.14	60.0	79.000000	True
4233	True	50	1.0	True	1.0	0.00000	True	0	313.0	179.0	92.0	25.97	66.0	86.000000	True
4234	True	51	3.0	True	43.0	0.00000	False	0	207.0	126.5	80.0	19.71	65.0	68.000000	False
4235	False	48	2.0	True	20.0	0.02963	False	0	248.0	131.0	72.0	22.00	84.0	86.000000	False
4236	False	44	1.0	True	15.0	0.00000	False	0	210.0	126.5	87.0	19.16	86.0	81.966753	False
4237	False	52	2.0	False	0.0	0.00000	False	0	269.0	133.5	83.0	21.47	80.0	107.000000	False

Overview

Variables

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Common Values

Length

Pie chart

Most occurring characters

Most occurring categories

Most frequent character per category

Most occurring scripts

Most frequent character per script

Most occurring blocks

Most frequent character per block

Interactions

Correlations

Spearman's ρ

Pearson's r

Kendall's τ

Cramér's V (φc)

Phik (φk)

Missing values

Sample

First rows

Last rows